نویسنده
دکتری امنیت ملی، دانشگاه عالی دفاع ملی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
Given the importance of threats and their inverse relationship with security, this matter has been considered by all security schools, each developing specific approaches compatible with their worldview and ideology for threat analysis. Since the nature of security and the degree of protection of objectives depend on threat levels, security variables are influenced by threats and a wide range of security actions and reactions. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, aims to examine the most important approaches of security schools based on their epistemologies. The results indicate that all security schools and approaches address the issue of threat: 1. From the perspective of threats' central or marginal role in national security - where realist and Copenhagen schools along with realist theories and balance of threat theory consider threats as central to their national security, while constructivist theory and soft power theory view threats as marginal. 2. Regarding threat levels - some approaches refer to systemic or regional threats, while others emphasize social or internal threat levels. 3. Concerning threat measurement - some schools consider it measurable while others view it as a product of elite mental processing. 4. Regarding threat objectives - two main views exist: some consider it for creating fear to compel specific actions or deter activities, while others see threat's purpose as deception and inducing actors to perform specific actions through consent and persuasion.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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