Crimes such as public affray, which often involve victims, lead to a diminished sense of social security. The annual increase in visits to forensic medical centers due to brawls and violence has raised concerns among both the public and officials in the country. The growing prevalence of such crimes poses challenges to public safety and can tarnish the cultural fabric of society. The main objective of this article is to explain the sociology of affray in Iran. A systematic review was adopted as the research method. The study population consists of all articles indexed in Iranian scientific-research journals. The findings indicate that factors such as contextual variables (age and gender), psychological and individual factors (emotional control, spiritual intelligence, poor communication skills, trait anger, absence of a criminal record, cultural intelligence, self-control), social factors (including identity formation, resource scarcity, tribalism and nepotism, social control, tribal affiliation, social trust, poverty, migration, population heterogeneity, modern social changes, social disorganization, and conflicts of interest in identity formation), and spatial factors (such as location, time, and densely populated areas) have influenced the development of aggressive behaviors. By identifying these factors, policy recommendations can be formulated to prevent collective affray in urban, rural, and nomadic settings